Fault code P2198 – O2 sensor signal stuck rich (Bank 2, Sensor 1)

Fault code P2198 is called “O2 Sensor Signal Stuck Rich (Bank 2, Sensor 1)” but in different programs it may be called differently. This fault designation applies to all vehicles equipped with OBD-II.

Technical description and explained code P2198

The OBD-II code P2198 is a general powertrain code. Which is defined by all automobile manufacturers as “O₂ sensor signal jam in rich mixture position (Bank 2, Sensor 1)”. Where Bank 2 refers to a cylinder group that does not contain cylinder number 1.

Fault code P2198 – O2 sensor signal stuck rich (Bank 2, Sensor 1)

During normal operation, the O₂ sensor responds to changes in the oxygen content of the exhaust stream. Depending on the type of sensor, it detects changes in either signal voltage or electrical resistance. Which the PCM uses to keep the air/fuel ratio as close to the ideal 14.7:1 as possible.

A fully functional oxygen sensor cannot generate a signal voltage or resistance that does not change. The typical range of signal voltage ranges from 0.1 volts to 0.9 volts.

However, a value of 0.45 volts represents the midpoint at which the fuel-air mixture is as close as possible to the ideal ratio of 14.7:1.

Thus, it is highly unlikely that the air-fuel ratio in the mixture will remain constant for a significant period of time. Therefore, when the PCM detects no change in sensor signal voltage or resistance. Code P2198 is set and the signal lamp lights up.

Symptoms of vehicle malfunctions

The main signal that an error P2198 has occurred is the Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) is also known as the CheckEngine Light.

It can also be warning signs such as:

  1. Check engine light on the control panel will illuminate (the code will be written to the ECM memory as a fault).
  2. Floating revolutions, as well as attempts to stall at idle.
  3. The engine may stall or fail to start.
  4. Decreased power output of the engine.
  5. Increased fuel consumption.
  6. Black smoke from the exhaust pipe.
  7. There may be no symptoms other than a stored fault code.

The severity of fault code P2198 varies from medium to high. But if it is not eliminated for a long time, the catalytic converter may fail.

Factors that can cause this error code

The error code P2198 can mean that one or more of the following problems have occurred:

  • Oxygen sensor O₂ or its heater is defective.
  • Open or short circuit in the wiring.
  • Problem with fuel pressure or fuel injector.
  • Leaky intake air or vacuum in the engine.
  • Faulty mass air flow sensor (MAF).
  • Faulty sensor as well as fuel pressure regulator.
  • Sometimes the cause is a faulty PCM module.

How to fix or reset OBD-2 code P2198

Some suggested steps for troubleshooting and fix the error code P2198:

  1. Inspect the wiring and connectors.
  2. Visually inspect the vacuum lines.
  3. Perform fuel pressure test.
  4. Test sensors for failure. Replace if necessary.
  5. Test the PCM module, replace it if necessary.

Diagnose and repair of problems

Inspect the wiring and connectors leading to the sensor, check for abrasions, melt, and repair if necessary. Visually inspect the vacuum lines. If it is determined that the problem is a vacuum leak, it would be wise to replace all vacuum lines.

Remove the oxygen sensor O₂ from the vehicle and inspect it for fouling, damage or deposits. Note that dirty or damaged oxygen sensors cannot be cleaned or repaired.

When replacing the sensor, make sure all wiring is properly connected, routed away from hot exhaust system components. Fasten securely to prevent friction or abrasion on other components.

Clear the P2198 fault code and test drive to see if the code returns again, which is very unlikely. However, if it does return, it is likely that the replaced sensor is also faulty or the monitoring circuits in the PCM are faulty.

Check the current technical service bulletins (TSB) for your vehicle. In some cases, the PCM may be calibrated and the problem will be resolved.

On which vehicles does this problem occur most frequently

Fault code P2198 can occur on different vehicles but there are statistics on which brands this occurs most often. Here is a list of some of them:

  • Audi
  • BMW
  • Ford (Edge, Explorer, F-150, Mustang, Ranger)
  • Hyundai (Santa Fe)
  • Lexus
  • Lincoln (LS)
  • Mazda (6)
  • Mercedes-Benz
  • Toyota

Fault code P2198 can sometimes be found with other errors. The most common are the following: P0018, P0022, P0046, P0068, P0102, P0113, P0153, P0171, P0174, P0191, P0300, P0355, P2106, P2195, P2196, P2197.

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